2017年4月27日 星期四

[Prepositions] The


  1. the + 前面出現過的名詞
ex. They have a son and a daughter. The son is a scientist and the daughter is an artist.
  1. the + 獨一獨二
the moon (月球) the sky (天空) the sea (海) the universe (宇宙) the world (世界) the North Pole (北極) the equator (赤道) the west (西方)
  1. the + 名詞 + 片語 、 子句
ex. The walls on the inside were nicely whitewashed. (牆壁的內部粉刷得很漂亮)
ex. The castle that I spoke of is in England. (我說過的那座城堡在英國)
  1. by the + 單位
ex. Meat is sold by the gram. (賣肉以公克為單位)
  1. 雙方都明白的人或物
Take the medicine. 把藥吃了。
  1. 用在序數詞和形容詞最高級,及形容詞 only, very, same 等前面
Where do you live? I live on the second floor.  你住在哪?我住在二層。
That's the very thing I've been looking for.  那正是我要找的東西。
  1. the + 身體各部分的字
He took me by the hand. (他握了我的手)
He struck me on the head. (他打了我的頭)

[Prepositions] Use preposition let sentence more powerful


介係詞是句子中的精靈,它和動詞組在一起,會增加動詞的強度、亮度,使動詞更具動感,像 speak up 就比單單 speak 有力。

我們一起來看以下的句子比較 at、behind、by、on、with,這些小小的介係詞真的起了「畫龍點睛」的作用。
(1) 當我聽到這事時,我簡直不敢相信我的耳朵。
I couldn’t believe my ears when I heard this.
=> I couldn’t believe my ears at this.
(2) 她死後留下6個孩子。
She left six children after she died.
=> She left six children behind her.
(3) 如果需要幫助,打給我,號碼是2721-5033。
If you need help, just ring me. My telephone number is 2721-5033.
=> If you need help, just call me at 2721-5033.
(4) 我們舉杯慶祝他的成功。
We raise a toast to congratulate him on his great success.
=> We raise a toast to his great success.
(5) 這段文章生詞太多,我要理解真是太難了。
There are so many new words in this passage, so it is hard for me to understand.
=> With so many new words, this passage is beyond me.
(6) 他因為30票之差輸了競選。
He lost the election because of 30 votes.
=> He lost the election by 30 votes.
(7) 證據對他不利。
The evidence is not good for him.
=> The evidence is against him.
(8) 我可以幫你完成這個專案。
I can help you finish the project.
=> I can help you with the project.
(9) 我買單。
I’ll pay the bill.
=> It’s on me.

[Prepositions] Kinds of Prepositions (of/to)


是從屬、包含、分離的概念。例如:
The table is made of glass. (桌子是由玻璃製成。)桌子是從玻璃中「分離出來的」。
如果 說 It is made "with" glass. 表示你拿 glass 當工具(伴隨著/拿著),不合理。如果說It is made by wood. 表示 wood 是某個人,桌子是他做的,這也不合理。
回到最原始的問題:
這間房間的門the door of the room (O)
房門是房間的一部份,可以用of。
這扇門的鑰匙the key of the door (X)
鑰匙不是門的一部份,不能用of。
這扇門的鑰匙the key to the door (O)
鑰匙用來開門,是朝某目標而去的概念,用to就對了。
以這概念來說,這句話也對
通往房間的那扇門the door to the room (O)

也是朝著目標(房間)而去。

[Prepositions] Kinds of Prepositions (with/by)


with/by
With是「伴隨著/在旁邊」的感覺
by 則是「靠…過去」的感覺。

例如:
I will go with May. (我會和 May一起去。)
因為 with 給人的感覺是「伴隨著」,也就是「在旁邊/拿在在手上」的意思,所以 with 可以解釋作「利用…工具」,像是
I opened the door with a key. (我「用」一把鑰匙開那扇門。) 或者
I am satisfied with the gift. (我很滿意那個禮物。) 有這個 gift,滿足感隨之而來。
I went there by train. (我搭火車到那裡。)

「靠…過去」是透過train這種交通工具抵達,不能用 I went there "with" train,這樣會變成「使用(手拿著)」train 到那兒。

[Prepositions] Kinds of Prepositions (in/on)


為什麼
房間的門用the door of the room
門的鑰匙卻是the key to the door?

比方說,
在車上,
如果是汽車是 in a car
公車是 on a bus

如果你在交通工具裡要彎腰,就用 in,in 是包在裡頭的感覺
如果是挺著身體走得進去,就是 on。依此類推,在飛機上是 in 還是 on?自然是 on an airplane 了。

[Prepositions] Kinds of Prepositions (to/for)


to/for
to 是「朝著目標去」的感覺,目標明確,一定會到)
for 是「朝著一個方向去」的感覺,是一個大方向,並沒有說一定會到。

例如:
Give the proposal to me. (將那計劃書交給我。)「給 (give)」這個動作必須要作用在"me"身上才算完成,所以用 to。

I’ll buy it for you. (我會幫你買。) for 指一個方向,不管有沒有交給 you,「買(buy)」的動作都已經完成,所以用 for。


2017年4月26日 星期三

[Prepositions] at、in、on

a.jpg
At 是一個點。假如你說某個人「at 某個地方」,你一定找得到他,因為他就在那一點上。

坐在桌子前,叫做 sit at the table
和你約在某咖啡廳碰面,是 meet you at the coffee shop
當然在某一個門牌號碼前面,看著某人,很自然地也都是用 at。

On 是一個面。
我住在二樓,用 I live on the second floor
在某條街上,想像站在那裡、抬頭挺胸,是一種平面概念,用on the street
在火車、捷運的車箱上,你不是擠在一個空間裡,可以伸直腰,站在平面上,這是 on。
那在飛機上呢? 想想這個規則,on an airplane。

In 是一個空間。空間可以大到是宇宙、山川、國家、城市,也可以小到一個車子、杯子、眼睛,所以是in the mountains、in the river、in Taiwan、in Taipei、in a car……。
好,問題來了,有學生問,在辦公室是 in 還是 at?in和at都對,意思有些微差別:

I’ll meet you at the office.
(我們在辦公室見。)指地點。
I’m in my office.
(我正在工作。)
In 不只是在辦公室,而是做著在那個空間裡應該發生的事;好比 in school 是求學,in class 是上課,in the office 是辦公。

有時候 in 和 at 用錯了會讓人會錯意。我們經常講的一句話,「請打電話到我辦公室給我」。這句話要怎麼說呢?in 還是 at?

Please call me ___ the office.
(請打電話到我辦公室給我。)

Please call me at the office 是正確的;當然也有比較直接的說法 Please call my office,不要說please call me in the office,既像「你在辦公室打給我」或「打電話到我的辦公室」,又像「請你在辦公室叫我一聲」(兩人可能在同一個辦公室)。call也有「呼叫、喊叫」的意思。

At 是一個點。假如你說某個人「at 某個地方」,你一定找得到他,因為他就在那一點上。

坐在桌子前,叫做 sit at the table
和你約在某咖啡廳碰面,是 meet you at the coffee shop
當然在某一個門牌號碼前面,看著某人,很自然地也都是用 at。

On 是一個面。
我住在二樓,用 I live on the second floor
在某條街上,想像站在那裡、抬頭挺胸,是一種平面概念,用on the street
在火車、捷運的車箱上,你不是擠在一個空間裡,可以伸直腰,站在平面上,這是 on。
那在飛機上呢? 想想這個規則,on an airplane。

In 是一個空間。空間可以大到是宇宙、山川、國家、城市,也可以小到一個車子、杯子、眼睛,所以是in the mountains、in the river、in Taiwan、in Taipei、in a car……。
好,問題來了,有學生問,在辦公室是 in 還是 at?in和at都對,意思有些微差別:

I’ll meet you at the office.
(我們在辦公室見。)指地點。
I’m in my office.
(我正在工作。)
In 不只是在辦公室,而是做著在那個空間裡應該發生的事;好比 in school 是求學,in class 是上課,in the office 是辦公。

有時候 in 和 at 用錯了會讓人會錯意。我們經常講的一句話,「請打電話到我辦公室給我」。這句話要怎麼說呢?in 還是 at?

Please call me ___ the office.
(請打電話到我辦公室給我。)

Please call me at the office 是正確的;當然也有比較直接的說法 Please call my office,不要說please call me in the office,既像「你在辦公室打給我」或「打電話到我的辦公室」,又像「請你在辦公室叫我一聲」(兩人可能在同一個辦公室)。call也有「呼叫、喊叫」的意思。

http://www.core-corner.com/Web2/index.php?stat=preposition&cat=1

[Prepositions] Hospital prepositions

in hospital 住院
He is in hospital 他生病住院
at hospital 在醫院工作
in the hospital 在醫院裡面的某處 (非住院)
in the hospital 是指在醫院幹别的事情
He works in the hospital.
at the hospital 不一定是裡面某個地方(非住院)
She underwent a thorough examination at the hospital.
她在醫院里接受了全面檢查。
Visit a friend at the hospital
I'm going to visit some children at the hospital.

go to hospital  去醫院看病
go to the hospital  去醫院看病人 (the 代表有指定的醫院)

英文文法索引

Present time
Past time
Future time
The present perfect and the past perfect
Tenses

Asking questions
Subject-Verb Agreement
Nouns and pronouns
Count/Noncount Nouns
Pronouns
Prepositions
Modal auxiliaries
The Passive
  • Active sentences and passive sentences
  • Form of the passive
  • The passive forms of the present and past progressive
  • Using the by phrase
  • Common Non-Progressive Passive Verbs + Prepositions
  • Using be used ,accustomed to and get used, accustomed to
  • Using past participles as adjectives (stative passive)
  • Transitive and intransitive verbs (及物、不及物動詞)
  • Get + adjective and Get + past participle
  • Participial adjectives -ed vs. -ing
  • Passive modal auxiliaries
Noun Clauses
  • Noun clauses with who, what, whose + BE
  • Noun clauses that begin with a question word
  • Noun clauses that begin with if or whether
  • No matter
  • Question words followed by infinitives
  • Noun Clauses Beginning with That
  • Quoted Speech
  • Reported Speech:Verb Form in Noum Clauses
Adjective Clauses

  • Adjective Clause Pronouns Used as the Subject
  • Adjective Clause Pronouns Used as the Object of a Verb
  • Adjective Clause Pronouns Used as the Object of a Preposition
  • Using Whose
  • Using Where in Adjective Clauses
  • Using When in Adjective Clauses
  • Using Adjective Clauses to Modify Pronouns
  • Punctuating Adjective Clauses
  • Using Expressions of Quantity in Adjective Clauses
  • Using Which to Modify a Whole Sentence
  • Reducing Adjective Clauses to Adjective Phrases


Gerunds and Infinitives
  • Gerunds:Introduction
  • Using gerunds as the objects of prepositions
  • Common Verbs Followed by Gerunds
  • Go + Geround
  • Special Expressions Followed by -ing
  • Common Verbs Followed by infinitives
  • Common Verbs Followed by Either Infinitives or Gerunds
  • It + Infinitive; Gerunds and Infinitives as Subject
  • Reference List of Verbs Followed by Gerunds
  • Reference List of Verbs Followed by Infinitives
  • Expressing purpose with in order to and for
  • Adjectives followed by Infinitives
  • Using infinitives with too and enough
  • Passive infinitives and gerunds
  • Using Gerunds or Passive Infinitives Following Need
  • Using Verbs of Perception
  • Using the Simple Form after let and help and Using Causative Verbs: Make, Have, Get
  • To + ing
Coordinating Conjunctions

  • Parallel Structure: Using Commas
  • Connecting ideas with but and or
  • Using Auxiliary verbs after but and and
  • Paired Conjunctions:Both...And; Not Only… But Also; Either… Or; Neither… Nor
  • Using and + too,so,either,neither
  • Connecting ideas with because
  • Conjunction
Adverb Clauses
  • Introduction
  • Using Adverb Clauses to Show Time Relationships
  • Using Adverb Clauses to Show Cause and Effect
  • Expressing contrast (Unexpected Result): Using Even Though
  • Showing Direct Contrast: While
  • Shortened If-Clauses
  • Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using Whether Or Not and Event If
  • Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using In Case
  • Adverb Claues of Condition:Using Unless
  • Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using Only If
Reduction of Adverb Clauses to Modifying Adverbial Phrases
  • Introduction
  • Changing Time Clauses to Modifying Adverbial Phrases
  • Expressing the Idea of During the Same Time in Modifying Adverbial Phrases
  • Expressing Cause and Effect in Modifying Adverbial Phrases
  • Using Upon + ing in Modifying Adverbial Phrases
Connectives That Express Cause and Effect, Contract, and Condition
  • Using Because Of and Dute To
  • Cause and Effect: Using Therefore, Consequently, and So
  • Summary of Patterns and Punctuation
  • Other Ways of Expressing Cause and Effect: Such... That and So ... That
  • Expressing Purpose:Using So That
  • Showing contrast
  • Showing direct contrast
  • Expressing Conditions: Using Otherwise and Or
  • Summary of Connectives: Cause and Effect, Contrast, and Condition
Conditional Sentences and Wishes
  • Overview of Basic Verb Forms Used in Conditional Sentences
  • True in the Present or Future
  • Untrue (Contrary to Fact) in the Present or Future
  • Untrue (Contrary to Fact) in the Past
  • Using Progressive Verb Form in Conditional Sentences
  • Using Mixed Time in Conditional Sentences
  • Omitting If
  • Implied Conditions (would)
  • Verb Forms Following Wish
  • Using Would to Make Wishes about the Future
  • Subjunctive mood
  • Subjunctive mood
  • Subjunctive mood inverted sentence
  • Inverted sentence example
  • Wonder
Comparisons
  • Making comparisons with as ... as
  • Comparative and superlative forms of adjectives and adverbs
  • Comparision with less... then and not as ... as
  • Unclear comparisions
  • Using more with nouns
  • Using double comparatives
  • Using superlatives
  • Decorate comparative
  • As well as
Connecting ideas

Inverted sentence
  • Inverted sentence
  • Negative Inverted Sentence
  • So / such Inverted Sentence
  • Abverb Inverted Sentence
  • Fully Inverted Sentence
  • As in place of though Inverted Sentence
Special Verb
  • Linking verb
  • Causative verb
  • Sense verb
  • Dative verb
Other

[Prepositions] Prepositions of time



mt8zndu7_20140825.jpg
At 表示特定的時間點。想像時間是一條線,at 就是線上的某個時間點,強調事情發生的那一刻,例如:
I got up at 7:00 this morning. (我今天早上 7點起床。)
The miracle happened at that moment. (奇蹟在那一刻發生了。)
另外,表示一天中的某個時刻,不需加冠詞,如 at dawn、at midnight、at night。

2fsh5pz9_20140825.jpg
On 表示特定的日子或日期。像是:
Let’s have dinner on Friday. (我們禮拜五一起吃晚餐吧。)
His birthday is on the fourth of August. (他的生日在8月4日)
We are going to the party on Halloween. (萬聖節當天我們會去參加派對。)
那為什麼會有at Halloween 呢?on Halloween是指萬聖節當天,而 at Halloween則是指在萬聖節的期間。

2979gk4u_20140825.jpg
In 表示特定較長的時間。如月份、年份、季節、時代、世紀,或一段時間。例如:
My uncle is going to retire in 2015. (我舅舅2015就要退休了。)
She started the job in August. (她在8月的時候就開始做這工作了。)
用in表示一段時間,如in my lifetime(在我的人生中);或是I will go to England in 2 weeks. (在2個禮拜內我就要去英國了。)
但 in the night 和 at night 又有什麼不同?
in the night指的是夜間,從日落到日出這個時段,at night則是指晚上,一天的某個時間點。




in
in + the past

in + the present

in + the future

in + the morning

in + the afternoon

in + the evening

in future (Please be on time in future.)

in + a month

in + a year

in + a century

in + a season
on (日期、星期)
on + a date

on + a weekday

on + a weekday morning(s)

on + a weekday afternoon(s)

on + a weekday evening(s)
at
at + noon

at + night

at + midnight

at + clock time

at + present

at + the moment

at + the present time (看最小的)
Page 163

3. Newspapers report events that happen in the present.
4. Last year I was a junior in high school. At present, I am a senior in high school.
5. I am a student at the present time, but I will graduate next month.

看最小的
15. I moved here in September 2001.
16. I moved here on September 3.

17. I moved here on September 3, 2001.